Tunnel Engineering

Description

A tunnel is relatively long and narrow; the length is often much longer than twice the diameter, although similar shorter excavations can be constructed such as cross passages between tunnels. The definition of what constitutes a tunnel can vary widely from source to source. A tunnel is an underground passage. Some tunnels are used for cars, some for trains or even for movement of ships. Some tunnels are built for communication cables and others for electricity cables. Tunnels are dug in different kinds of grounds; soft sand to hard rock. The way of digging is chosen by the type of ground the tunnel is to be built in.
There are many ways of digging: quarry and cut and cover. In quarry, the tunnel path is drilled in a horizontal way. This system requires a deep tunnel that’s built in a firm rock. In the cut and cover system, a tunnel is dug in the ground and then a roof is built above the tunnel. This system fits tunnels that are close to the ground like road tunnels and infrastructure. Building tunnels is a large civil engineering project that can be incredibly expensive and can take several years.
The primary aim of this book is to present a concise account of the essential aspects of this subject. It is prepared by keeping in mind the requirements of students and academic professionals. The book is written by a well-reputed subject specialist.